Medullary Control of the Upper Airway During REM Sleep
نویسندگان
چکیده
In obstructive sleep apnea patients, upper airway muscle tone is depressed during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep parallel to the characteristic postural atonia. Previous electrophysiological, pharmacological and anatomical studies provided evidence that a withdrawal of excitation mediated by norepinephrine and serotonin as well as active inhibition may contribute to the REM sleep-related depression of hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons, important upper airway dilators. Using a new carbachol model, we determined that the combined antagonism of noradrenergic and serotonergic receptors in the XII nucleus region is necessary and sufficient to eliminate the depressant effects of the REM sleep-like state on XII motoneurons.
منابع مشابه
The influence of obstructive sleep apnea and gender on genioglossus activity during rapid eye movement sleep.
BACKGROUND The mechanisms contributing to worsening of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep have been minimally studied. Reduced upper-airway muscle tone may be an important contributor. Because respiratory events and the associated blood gas changes can influence genioglossus (GG) activity, we compared GG activity between OSA patients and control subjects during ...
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